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Sains Malaysiana 53(7)(2024):
1545-1558
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5307-06
Characteristics of Oil and Gas Distribution and Controlling
Factors of Hydrocarbon Accumulations in the Eocene Pinghu Formation of the Xihu
Depression, East China Sea
(Ciri Pengagihan Minyak dan Gas serta Faktor Pengawalan
Pengumpulan Hidrokarbon dalam Formasi Pinghu Eosen di Kelekukan Xihu, Laut
China Timur)
LIAO
KAIFEI1, ZHONG KAI1, LU YI1, GOH THIAN LAI2,*
& LEE KHAI ERN3
1State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, Tongji University,
Shanghai 200092, China
2Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of
Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi,
Selangor, Malaysia
3Institute
for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Diserahkan: 3
April 2024/Diterima: 6 Jun 2024
Abstract
The Xihu Depression at the shelf of the
East China Sea is a petroliferous basin with excellent exploration potential.
The Eocene Pinghu Formation has become a recent oil and gas exploration target
and as the critical hydrocarbon-bearing stratigraphic layer in the basin.
However, studies specifically examining the characteristics of hydrocarbon
distribution and the controlling factors of reservoirs in the Kongqueting area
remain limited. The lack of in-depth hydrocarbon accumulation model research
restricts subsequent exploration. In this paper, based on data from drilling,
3D seismic, well test, and geochemical analysis, we found that coal bed-related
hydrocarbon source rocks were widely occurred in the Pinghu Formation in the
Kongqueting area. The source rocks provide good hydrocarbon supply of
near-source and distant-source to reservoir. The river sands were connected
laterally and stacked vertically, forming a pattern characterized by ‘lateral
succession and vertical superposition’ indicative of good quality of reservoir.
During the deposition period of the Pinghu Formation, two large sets of
regional cap rock (P3 and P7) were excellent sealing rock. The sand reservoir
was interbedded with shale layers, forming a Mille-feuille type of
reservoir-seal pair. Faults formed at the early stage of the formation of basin
serve as conduits for hydrocarbon migration, governing both the spatial distribution
of hydrocarbon-bearing strata and the types of hydrocarbon accumulations. These
faults were instrumental in facilitating the formation of extensive oil and gas
accumulations. This paper establishes a hydrocarbon accumulation model in the
Kongqueting area, characterized as ‘dual hydrocarbon supply from source, upper
oil, and lower gas, good reservoir-seal pair, hydrocarbon migration through
fault conduit’.
Keywords: Controlling factors on hydrocarbon
accumulation; hydrocarbon accumulation model; Kongqueting area; oil and gas
distribution; Xihu Depression
Abstrak
Kelekukan
Xihu di pelantar Laut China Timur ialah satu lembangan berpetroleum dengan
potensi penjelajahan yang sangat baik. Formasi Pinghu Eosen telah menjadi
sasaran penjelajahan minyak dan gas yang terkini dan sebagai lapisan
stratigrafi galas hidrokarbon kritikal dalam lembangan. Akan tetapi, kajian
khusus meneliti ciri taburan hidrokarbon dan faktor kawalan reservoir di
kawasan Kongqueting masih terhad. Kekurangan penyelidikan model pengumpulan
hidrokarbon yang mendalam menghalang penjelajahan seterusnya. Dalam kertas ini,
berdasarkan data daripada penggerudian, seismos 3D, ujian telaga dan analisis
geokimia, kami mendapati bahawa batuan sumber hidrokarbon yang berkaitan dengan
dasar batu arang adalah terwujud secara meluas dalam Formasi Pinghu di kawasan
Kongqueting. Batuan sumber membekalkan bekalan hidrokarbon yang baik sebagai
sumber dekat dan sumber jauh untuk reservoir. Pasir sungai yang bersambungan
secara sisi dan disusun secara menegak, membentuk corak yang dicirikan sebagai
‘succession sisi dan superposisi
menegak’ yang menunjukkan kualiti reservoir yang baik. Semasa pemendapan
Formasi Pinghu, dua set batuan tukup serantau yang besar (P3 dan P7) merupakan
batuan pengedap yang sangat baik. Reservoir pasir adalah saling lapisan dengan
lapisan syal, membentuk satu pasangan reservoir-kedap jenis Mille-feuille.
Sesar yang terbentuk pada awal pembentukan lembangan berfungsi sebagai saluran
untuk penghijrahan hidrokarbon yang mengawal kedua-dua taburan ruang strata
yang mengandungi hidrokarbon dan penumpukan hidrokarbon. Sesar ini memainkan
peranan penting dalam memudahkan pembentukan penumpukan minyak dan gas yang
meluas. Kertas kerja ini mewujudkan model penumpukan hidrokarbon di kawasan Kongqueting,
dicirikan sebagai ‘bekalan hidrokarbon dwi daripada sumber, minyak atas, dan
gas bawah, pasangan reservoir-kedap yang baik, penghijrahan hidrokarbon melalui
saluran sesar’.
Kata
kunci: Faktor kawalan pengumpulan hidrokarbon; kawasan Kongqueting; lekukan
Xihu; model penumpukan hidrokarbon; pengagihan minyak dan gas
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*Pengarang
untuk surat-menyurat; email: gdsbgoh@gmail.com
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